近(jin)日，浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)發(fa)改委發(fa)布《省(sheng)發(fa)展改革委關于省(sheng)十四屆人大三次會(hui)議湖(hu)21號建(jian)議的(de)(de)(de)答(da)(da)復(fu)》，針對加快落實(shi)“隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)”有關政(zheng)策”的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)議，答(da)(da)復(fu)稱(cheng)，浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)將加快清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力系統建(jian)設(she)，保障風(feng)光電(dian)項目(mu)接入，鼓(gu)勵火(huo)電(dian)靈活(huo)性改造與(yu)(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)設(she)施(shi)配套建(jian)設(she)，支(zhi)持省(sheng)內負荷中心與(yu)(yu)西(xi)部清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)基地的(de)(de)(de)跨區輸電(dian)通道建(jian)設(she)。 今年以來(lai)，江(jiang)蘇(su)、四川相(xiang)繼提出探索(suo)發(fa)展“綠電(dian)直供”模式，創新實(shi)施(shi)“隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)”政(zheng)策，隨著(zhu)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型走在全國前列的(de)(de)(de)華東(dong)經濟大省(sheng)浙(zhe)江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)加入，推(tui)行七年停滯不前的(de)(de)(de)“隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)”政(zheng)策將在2025年迎(ying)來(lai)實(shi)質性破題。 在全球能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)轉型的(de)(de)(de)浪潮中，隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)售(shou)電(dian)、綠電(dian)直供與(yu)(yu)儲(chu)能(neng)技術的(de)(de)(de)融合正(zheng)形成(cheng)相(xiang)互支(zhi)撐、協同共(gong)進的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供需“新三角關系”。 這一動態平衡的(de)(de)(de)體系既破解(jie)了(le)傳統電(dian)力模式的(de)(de)(de)瓶頸，又(you)為清潔(jie)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)規模化應(ying)用開辟了(le)新路徑。

01   綠電直供：綠色能源的直通車

綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)是指新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)通過物理專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線(xian)或虛擬直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)方式(shi)(shi)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接向終端(duan)用(yong)戶(hu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)，并(bing)附帶可(ke)溯(su)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)證認證。 這(zhe)一模式(shi)(shi)讓(rang)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)從發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)端(duan)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達用(yong)戶(hu)端(duan)，減(jian)少(shao)中間環節(jie)損耗，使綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)價值得到更(geng)充分體現(xian)。 對(dui)于高耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)企業(ye)(ye)來說，使用(yong)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)降低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升企業(ye)(ye)在(zai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)低(di)碳(tan)市場環境(jing)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭力(li)。 從宏觀角度看(kan)，它促進了(le)(le)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)納，推動能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結構向綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)化轉型(xing)，助力(li)實(shi)現(xian)碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)目標。 在(zai)政(zheng)策驅動方面，歐(ou)盟新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)法要求出(chu)(chu)口產品(pin)需(xu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)可(ke)追(zhui)溯(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)碳(tan)足跡，傳統綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)證采購不被(bei)認可(ke)，這(zhe)就倒逼企業(ye)(ye)采用(yong)物理直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)模式(shi)(shi)，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)因此成為(wei)企業(ye)(ye)應對(dui)國(guo)際(ji)貿易綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)壁壘的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要手段。 今年2月，江(jiang)蘇在(zai)全國(guo)率先啟動由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企業(ye)(ye)統一規劃建(jian)設(she)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)企業(ye)(ye)和綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)創新試(shi)點,通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網建(jian)設(she)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線(xian)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)常州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)廠、蘇州光伏基(ji)地(di)等(deng)(deng)與用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)點對(dui)點直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)，將有(you)效規避歐(ou)盟碳(tan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)稅。 3月，四川(chuan)也(ye)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)政(zheng)策，提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)探索發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)“綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)”模式(shi)(shi)，強化園區(qu)與周邊光伏、風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)匹(pi)配對(dui)接，創新實(shi)施(shi)“隔墻售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”政(zheng)策，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高園區(qu)可(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)和消(xiao)(xiao)費比例(li)。 7月，云南、青海相繼印發(fa)(fa)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)實(shi)施(shi)方案(an)，均明確綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)項(xiang)目應合理配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、挖掘增強靈活調節(jie)潛力(li)。 國(guo)家(jia)層(ceng)面，5月，國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)和國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局聯合發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于有(you)序推動綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)事(shi)項(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通知(zhi)》，這(zhe)是國(guo)家(jia)層(ceng)面首次提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)“綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)”項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)政(zheng)策。 在(zai)企業(ye)(ye)和用(yong)戶(hu)對(dui)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)消(xiao)(xiao)費需(xu)求不斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)升的(de)(de)(de)(de)背景下，這(zhe)一政(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)破解了(le)(le)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)溯(su)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)難題，激發(fa)(fa)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費市場活力(li)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)“專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)屬(shu)通道”，標志著我國(guo)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納機制(zhi)迎來重(zhong)大突破。

02   隔墻售電：分布式能源消納引擎

隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)(shi)現市場(chang)(chang)化交易的(de)通(tong)俗說法，允(yun)許分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)(mu)通(tong)過(guo)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直(zhi)接銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)給(gei)周邊(bian)的(de)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者，而不(bu)是(shi)先低價賣(mai)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，再由用(yong)戶(hu)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高價買(mai)回。 這(zhe)一(yi)模(mo)式(shi)打破了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)統(tong)購統(tong)銷(xiao)的(de)壟(long)斷(duan)，讓能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者有機會成(cheng)為(wei)“生產(chan)投資型(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者”，是(shi)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)(xiao)納和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)關鍵引(yin)擎。 早在(zai) 2017 年(nian)，國家(jia)發(fa)(fa)(fa)改委、國家(jia)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)局便印(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)《關于開(kai)展(zhan)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場(chang)(chang)化交易試(shi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)通(tong)知》，允(yun)許分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)單位與(yu)(yu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)內就(jiu)近電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力用(yong)戶(hu)進(jin)(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交易，標志著隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正式(shi)啟動。 此后，國家(jia)與(yu)(yu)地方的(de)支(zhi)持政策不(bu)斷(duan)完(wan)善，多地積極(ji)開(kai)展(zhan)隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)，其中(zhong)，浙江(jiang)省在(zai)2022年(nian)8月通(tong)過(guo)《浙江(jiang)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力條例》，明(ming)確(que)自2023年(nian)1月1日起，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業可以(yi)與(yu)(yu)周邊(bian)用(yong)戶(hu)按照規定直(zhi)接交易，成(cheng)為(wei)首個“隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”政策落地的(de)省份，率先開(kai)啟了(le)(le)隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)實(shi)(shi)質化進(jin)(jin)程。 江(jiang)蘇省則更為(wei)積極(ji)，2019 年(nian)專(zhuan)門制定《江(jiang)蘇省分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場(chang)(chang)化交易規則（試(shi)行）》。2023 年(nian)4月，國內首個“一(yi)對多”分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市場(chang)(chang)化交易試(shi)點(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)在(zai)蘇州(zhou)工業園區落地投運，總裝機約12兆瓦，實(shi)(shi)現了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力直(zhi)接出售(shou)(shou)給(gei)同在(zai)一(yi)個110千(qian)伏變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站內的(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業，真正做到了(le)(le)就(jiu)近消(xiao)(xiao)納，為(wei)全國范圍內隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)推(tui)廣提(ti)(ti)供了(le)(le)寶(bao)貴的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐經驗。 2025 年(nian)，江(jiang)蘇省再次發(fa)(fa)(fa)力，啟動首批綠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)連(lian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試(shi)點(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)，覆蓋常州(zhou)、蘇州(zhou)、鹽(yan)城三(san)市的(de)5個重點(dian)(dian)項目(mu)(mu)，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)全國第一(yi)批由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業統(tong)一(yi)規劃(hua)建設，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池企(qi)(qi)(qi)業提(ti)(ti)供專(zhuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)專(zhuan)線項目(mu)(mu)。 隔(ge)(ge)墻售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)意義在(zai)于，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目(mu)(mu)可以(yi)由此獲得(de)更多收益(yi)，促進(jin)(jin)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)式(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)建設和發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)；周邊(bian)用(yong)戶(hu)則有可能(neng)以(yi)更低的(de)價格獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力，降低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本；同時(shi)，也(ye)促進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業向平臺化服(fu)務戰略轉(zhuan)型(xing)，提(ti)(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)運營效率。

03   儲能：穩定能源供應的壓艙石

儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)崛起將(jiang)可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)在(zai)短時間(jian)內(nei)快速產生的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲(chu)存(cun)起來，以便(bian)在(zai)需(xu)(xu)要時提(ti)供(gong)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)可預測的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力。 儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)在(zai)現代能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型中扮演著至關重要的(de)(de)(de)角色，在(zai)綠電(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)模式中，對風(feng)光(guang)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)要求具備(bei)更高穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)加入將(jiang)起到了關鍵的(de)(de)(de)調節作(zuo)用(yong)。 當新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)過剩(sheng)時，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)設備(bei)將(jiang)多(duo)余電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲(chu)存(cun)起來；在(zai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)不足(zu)或用(yong)電(dian)(dian)高峰時，再釋放儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，有(you)(you)效解(jie)決了新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)歇性(xing)(xing)問題，保障綠電(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)和(he)連續性(xing)(xing)。 例如，在(zai)一些風(feng)電(dian)(dian)場和(he)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)站，配置儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)后，能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠將(jiang)不穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉化為穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)輸(shu)出，滿足(zu)用(yong)戶(hu)持續用(yong)電(dian)(dian)需(xu)(xu)求。 隨著儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)不斷發(fa)(fa)展，其(qi)成本逐漸降低，效率不斷提(ti)升，應(ying)用(yong)場景(jing)也越來越廣泛，從電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)調峰調頻(pin)，到用(yong)戶(hu)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布式儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，都有(you)(you)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)身影，成為能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域(yu)不可或缺的(de)(de)(de)一部分(fen)。

04   新“三角”關系定位：各有使命，互為支撐

綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)+隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)形成的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)需(xu)“新(xin)三(san)角(jiao)”如(ru)同“齒輪咬(yao)合(he)”，綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)提供(gong)(gong)清潔(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力源頭，隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)搭建(jian)市(shi)場化流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)渠(qu)道，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)則保障整個系統的(de)(de)平(ping)穩運轉(zhuan)，缺一不(bu)可(ke)。 其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)是“綠(lv)(lv)色(se)底座”，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)物理專線(xian)或虛(xu)擬通(tong)(tong)(tong)道實(shi)現新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源與用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)，確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力來源可(ke)溯源、碳(tan)排(pai)放可(ke)量化。 其(qi)核(he)心價值在(zai)于為企(qi)業(ye)提供(gong)(gong)“純綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 解(jie)決(jue)方(fang)案，尤其(qi)在(zai)歐盟碳(tan)關稅(shui)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)碳(tan)足跡等(deng)規(gui)則收緊(jin)的(de)(de)背景(jing)下，成為出口型企(qi)業(ye)突破貿(mao)易壁壘的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。 隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是“市(shi)場紐帶”，打破了(le)(le)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源 “只能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)賣給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)” 的(de)(de)壟斷(duan)模式(shi)(shi)，允(yun)許光(guang)伏屋頂、小型風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)向(xiang)周(zhou)邊(bian)用(yong)戶(hu)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。 它讓綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)從“點對點專線(xian)” 擴(kuo)展(zhan)到 “分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)共享”，激(ji)(ji)活了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)小企(qi)業(ye)參(can)與能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源交易的(de)(de)積極性，本(ben)質是重(zhong)構能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源市(shi)場的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配邏輯。 儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是“穩定(ding)內(nei)核(he)”，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)平(ping)抑新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)間歇(xie)性（如(ru)光(guang)伏夜晚不(bu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遇(yu)靜風(feng)期），為前兩者提供(gong)(gong) “削峰填谷” 的(de)(de)調節能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。沒(mei)有儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)支撐，綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)穩定(ding)性和(he)隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)靈活性都難以實(shi)現。 多地試點項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)也驗證了(le)(le)這(zhe)一能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源供(gong)(gong)需(xu)“新(xin)三(san)角(jiao)”的(de)(de)協同效應。 在(zai)蘇州工業(ye)園區(qu)，12兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)“隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)周(zhou)邊(bian)企(qi)業(ye)，配套的(de)(de)2兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)/4兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系統解(jie)決(jue)了(le)(le)光(guang)伏白天發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與企(qi)業(ye)晚間用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)錯配問題。 實(shi)現了(le)(le)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)收益比賣給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高、購(gou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企(qi)業(ye)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價顯著降低(di)，年減碳(tan)大幅增加的(de)(de)“綠(lv)(lv)色(se) + 經濟” 雙重(zhong)收益。 在(zai)內(nei)蒙古和(he)林(lin)格爾(er)數據中(zhong)(zhong)心集群項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)，360兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)風(feng)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo) “綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)” 為數據中(zhong)(zhong)心供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，259.2兆(zhao)(zhao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)時儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系統則保障了(le)(le)服務器24小時不(bu)間斷(duan)運行。 同時，項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)預留(liu)了(le)(le)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)光(guang)伏接(jie)口，未來可(ke)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)“隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 向(xiang)周(zhou)邊(bian)產業(ye)園擴(kuo)展(zhan)，形成 “集中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) + 分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)式(shi)(shi)交易 + 儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)調節” 的(de)(de)立體模式(shi)(shi)。 這(zhe)些案例證明，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)讓綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)供(gong)(gong)從“理想” 變為 “現實(shi)”，隔(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)讓綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價值從 “單一” 走向(xiang) “多元(yuan)”，三(san)者結合(he)既能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿(man)足企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)型需(xu)求，又能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)激(ji)(ji)活市(shi)場主體的(de)(de)參(can)與熱(re)情。

05   破局之道：聚焦三個關鍵點

盡管如此(ci)，當(dang)前(qian)，“新(xin)三(san)(san)角(jiao)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)同(tong)仍面(mian)臨(lin)諸多(duo)挑戰(zhan)。 綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供面(mian)臨(lin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)是(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線建(jian)設成本(ben)(ben)高，建(jian)設專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路和相關配(pei)套設施前(qian)期投資(zi)巨大(da)(da)，若綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)市(shi)場(chang)價(jia)格機(ji)制(zhi)不完善，難以在(zai)(zai)短期內收(shou)回成本(ben)(ben)，影響(xiang)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投資(zi)積極性(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)層面(mian)，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)具(ju)有(you)間歇性(xing)和波(bo)動(dong)性(xing)特點(dian)(dian)(dian)，如風力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)依賴風速，太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)受光照(zhao)時間和強度(du)制(zhi)約，這(zhe)導致(zhi)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)難以保障，需要強大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)手(shou)段和調(diao)節(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)來平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)供需。 隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)7年成效甚微，問題(ti)在(zai)(zai)于過(guo)網(wang)費機(ji)制(zhi)模(mo)糊不清(qing)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai) “隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 中(zhong)(zhong)利益分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)不明確，影響(xiang)其(qi)積極性(xing)；跨區(qu)域交易(yi)壁(bi)壘重重，限制(zhi)了(le)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)范(fan)圍；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸配(pei)成本(ben)(ben)分(fen)(fen)(fen)擔不清(qing)晰，輔助服務價(jia)值沒能(neng)(neng)(neng)得到很(hen)好(hao)體(ti)現(xian)(xian)等，都阻礙了(le)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)規模(mo)推廣(guang)。 儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)則(ze)面(mian)臨(lin)經濟性(xing)依賴政(zheng)(zheng)策補貼等問題(ti)。 推動(dong)“新(xin)三(san)(san)角(jiao)”深度(du)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)，需聚焦三(san)(san)個(ge)關鍵點(dian)(dian)(dian)： 政(zheng)(zheng)策協(xie)同(tong)，明確綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供與隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊界(jie)（如專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供與分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)交易(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適用(yong)場(chang)景），統一(yi)過(guo)網(wang)費核算標準(zhun)，將儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成本(ben)(ben)納入(ru)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交易(yi)溢(yi)價(jia)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，讓市(shi)場(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)有(you)清(qing)晰預期。 技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)適配(pei)，發(fa)展(zhan)“分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng) + 集中(zhong)(zhong)式(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)” 混合(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)，結合(he)(he)(he)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)度(du)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供與隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)景中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈活切(qie)換(huan)，提升系(xi)(xi)統整體(ti)效率。 市(shi)場(chang)擴(kuo)容，鼓勵(li)“園區(qu) + 三(san)(san)角(jiao)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)” 推廣(guang)，在(zai)(zai)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)內集中(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)設分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)、共享儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，通過(guo)隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)就近消納，降低單個(ge)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參與門檻。 近年來，各地也探索(suo)了(le)一(yi)些值得借鑒(jian)破題(ti)思路。 河南省(sheng)在(zai)(zai) 2024 年發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)關 “源(yuan)網(wang)荷儲(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策文件中(zhong)(zhong)，允許第(di)三(san)(san)方(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)有(you)或周邊土地建(jian)設分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)光伏(fu)和分(fen)(fen)(fen)散式(shi)(shi)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)自(zi)發(fa)自(zi)用(yong)。 在(zai)(zai)接入(ru)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)，以綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就近、就地、就低、可溯源(yuan)為(wei)目(mu)(mu)標，鼓勵(li)建(jian)設綠(lv)(lv)色專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變、綠(lv)(lv)色專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)線，保障一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接為(wei)用(yong)戶服務。 這(zhe)一(yi)舉措被視為(wei)省(sheng)級層面(mian)“隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破冰(bing)之舉，巧(qiao)妙地繞過(guo)了(le)向(xiang)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)反(fan)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及過(guo)網(wang)費爭議等棘手(shou)問題(ti)，為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)式(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開辟了(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)路徑。 另外，一(yi)些省(sheng)份的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)園區(qu)采用(yong)“綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供 + 儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng) + 隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)(he)(he)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)多(duo)方(fang)(fang)共贏(ying)。 編(bian)后語：隔(ge)(ge)墻(qiang)(qiang)售(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)供與儲(chu)(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“新(xin)三(san)(san)角(jiao)關系(xi)(xi)”，本(ben)(ben)質是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領(ling)域 “綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)” 與 “市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)融(rong)合(he)(he)(he)。這(zhe)一(yi)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)既回應(ying)了(le) “雙碳” 目(mu)(mu)標下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減排需求，又順應(ying)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)體(ti)制(zhi)改革的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。 隨著政(zheng)(zheng)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完善、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迭(die)代，三(san)(san)者將從“試點(dian)(dian)(dian)聯動(dong)” 走向(xiang) “規模(mo)協(xie)同(tong)”，為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)轉型提供更可持續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)支(zhi)撐。

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